Basics of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry and MCQs related to them for
RRB Pharmacist Recruitment Exam
GPAT
KGMU Pharmacist Recruitment Exam
KSSSCI Pharmacist Recruitment Exam
MPESB Pharmacist Recruitment Exam
Drugs Inspector Exams
Drugs Controller Exams
DPEE
D.Pharm, B.Pharm, and Pharm.D.
• Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula (i.e. the same number of atoms of each element), but different structural or spatial arrangements of the atoms within the molecule.
• Tautomerism is a type of isomerism which involves simple proton transfer in an intramolecular fashion. Ex: Keto-enol tautomerism, enamine-imine tautomerism, lactam-lactim tautomerism, etc.
• Stereochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules and the effect of this on chemical reactions.
• Stereoisomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula and the same connectivity, but different arrangement of the atoms in 3-dimensional space.
• Conformational isomers are the stereoisomers that have different spatial arrangement of its atoms and groups that arise due to the rotation of a part of the molecule about a single bond. These are non-isolable and are easily interconvertible.
• Configurational isomers are the stereoisomers that have different spatial arrangement of atoms and groups about a rigid part of a molecule i.e about a double bond or ring or asymmetric center. Configurational isomers are isolable and are not easily interconvertible. Interconversions of these isomers involve bond breaking and bond reforming process.
• Optical isomers: These are the compounds having the same molecular and structural formula but differ only in their action towards plane polarized light or optical activity. Optical isomers are enantiomers.
• Stereogenic center or stereocenter or chiral center is an atom (usually carbon) within a molecule that has four different groups or atoms attached to it.
• A racemic mixture is a 50/50 combination of two enantiomers (commonly referred to as levo and dextro enantiomers) of a chiral compound, resulting in optical inactivity due to the cancellation of their individual optical activities.
• The R and S configuration system is a method for describing the three-dimensional arrangement of substituents around a chiral center in a molecule. The system was introduced by Cahn, Ingold, and Prelog.
To be continued in tomorrow’s blog:
MCQs
1) The following statements are given:
[P] Conformational isomers are interconvertible by rotation around a single bond while configurational isomers cannot be interconverted without breaking a bond.
[Q] Configurational isomers and conformational isomers could be optically active or optically inactive, depending on the circumstances
[R] Geometric isomers must have a double bond in their structures
[S] Geometric and optical isomers are the two distinct categories of configurational isomers.
Choose the correct combination of statements.
(a) P, Q & S are true while R is false
(b) P, R & S are true while Q is false
(c) Q, R & S are true while P is false
(d) P, Q & R are true while S is false
2) Optically active compounds _____.
(a) Can rotate plane of polarized light
(b) Cannot rotate plane of polarized light
(c) Can increase rate of a chemical reaction
(d) Can prevent oxidation of compounds
3) Asymmetric carbon is a carbon that has _____.
(a) At least two different groups or atoms attached to it
(b) At least two same groups or atoms attached to it
(c) Four same groups or atoms attached to it
(d) Four different groups or atoms attached to it
4) The isomerism exhibited by compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in their spatial arrangement is
(a) Structural isomerism
(b) Geometric isomerism
(c) Stereoisomerism
(d) Conformational isomerism
5) Which of the following is a chiral molecule?
(a) 2-butanol
(b) Ethanol
(c) 1,2-dichloroethane
(d) Benzene
Check your answers below:
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Check your Answers:
1) (a)
2) (a)
3) (d)
4) (c)
5) (a)
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