- An Academy for Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
- GPAT, DPEE, Drugs Inspector, RRB and other Pharmacist Recruitment Exam - Online Test Packages.
Welcome to Pharmalife Academy, an academy for pharmacy and pharmacology. Our academy is dedicated to nurturing the next generation of healthcare and pharma professionals under the guidance of an advisory board comprising highly skilled and motivated experts from diverse fields within the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors.
So far, we've successfully assisted over 1000 students in achieving their goals.
Over 15,000 online tests have been taken through our websites and Google Forms to date.
We've organized and joined over 100 workshops and webinars, along with delivering talks at numerous Pharmacy and Ayurvedic colleges and organizations.
Over 100 B.H.M.S. and B.A.M.S. students and
practitioners benefited from this course.
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Pharmacodynamics for RRB, KGMU, KSSSCI, MPESB Pharmacist Exams / GPAT / DPEE / Drugs Inspector Exams / D.Pharm, B.Pharm, and Pharm.D. o Pharmacodynamics is the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. o Pharmacodynamics deals with the relationship between concentration of drug at the site of action and the magnitude of the effect produced by the drug. o Pharmacodynamics deals with what a drug does to the body. o The basic types of drug action can be classified as: 1. Stimulation 2. Depression 3. Irritation 4. Replacement 5. Cytotoxic action 1. Stimulation refers to increase in the activity of specialized cells, e.g. epinephrine stimulates heart, caffeine stimulates CNS. 2. Depression means decrease in activity of specialized cells, e.g. diazepam depresses CNS, propranolol depresses heart. 3. Irritation suggests a non-selective, harmful effect and is particularly applied to less specialized cells (epithelium, connective tissue). 4. Replacement refers to the use of electrolytes, vitamins, hormones or their congeners in deficiency states e.g. iron preparations in iron deficiency anaemia, insulin in diabetes mellitus, vitamin C in Scurvy, etc. 5. Cytotoxic action refers to toxic to living cells, e.g. penicillin, chloroquine, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, etc. o General Mechanisms of Drug Action include 1. Physicochemical properties and drug action, e.g., (i) Due to oxidizing property, potassium permanganate acts as an antiseptic. (ii) Antacids like sodium bicarbonate neutralizes gastric HCl. 2. Drug interaction with a discrete target biomolecules like enzymes, ion channels, transporters, receptors, nucleic acids, structural proteins, etc. o Ligand is any molecule which attaches selectively to a particular receptor. o Agonist is an agent which stimulates a receptor to produce an effect similar to that of the physiological signal molecule. o Inverse agonist is an agent which stimulates a receptor to produce an effect opposite to that of the agonist. o Antagonist is an agent which prevents the action of an agonist on a receptor. o Partial agonist: It is an agent which stimulates a receptor to produce submaximal effect but antagonizes the action of a full agonist. o Factors modifying action of drug are: Body size, Age, Sex, Genetics, Route of administration, Environmental factors and time of administration, Psychological factor, Pathological states (Presence of disease), Cumulation, Drug Tolerance, Drug dependence (neuroadaptation), Combined effects of drugs. o Tachyphylaxis (acute tolerance): It is the rapid development of tolerance when the drug is administered repeatedly at very short intervals of time. E.g., repeated administration of ephedrine in the treatment of asthma may produce tolerance to it. MCQs 1. An agent which activates a receptor to produce an effect similar to that of the physiological signal molecule is (a) Antagonist (b) Agonist (c) Inverse agonist (d) Enzyme 2. Study of what the drug does to the body is _____. (a) Pharmacokinetics (b) Pharmacodynamics (c) Biopharmaceutics (d) Pharmacology 3. Identify the wrong option: Pharmacodynamics is the study of _____. (a) Effects of drugs (b) Mechanism of drug action (c) Drug-drug interaction (d) Safety of drug 4. The initial combination of the drug with its receptor resulting in a conformational change in the latter is known as _____. (a) Drug action (b) Drug effect (c) Drug affinity (d) Synergism 5. Tachyphylaxis is _____. (a) Acute drug tolerance (b) Increase heart rate (c) Movement of white blood cells (d) Allergic reactions 6. The study of the relationship between drug concentration and its effects is _______. (a) Pharmacokinetics (b) Pharmacodynamics (c) Pharmacotherapeutics (d) Pharmacovigilance 7. What does the term “Potentiation” mean? (a) Cumulative ability of a drug (b) Hypersensitivity to a drug (c) Fast tolerance developing (d) Intensive increase of drug effects due to their combination 8. Rapid development of tolerance on repeated doses of a drug in quick succession, with reduction in clinical response, is termed as ________ (a) synergism (b) antagonism (c) idiosyncrasy (d) tachyphylaxis Check your answers below:
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Thank you for a great course. Great presentation style with lots of opportunities to ask questions and talk about real life examples which all made for a really enjoyable and informative course." "This has more than met my expectations."
Most of key points are covered which are most useful as study point of view..for DPEE and other competative exam.
These classes explained all key concepts of the pharmacy syllabus and then had online MCQ practice tests for perfect practice and confidence. Now, I have no worries for pharmacy syllabus for any recruitment exam.
I passed my d.pharm just because your efforts and trust in me. Before joining your classes, I gave Pharmacology (S.Y. D.Pharm) exam four times but failed. Then I joined your classes, understood my mistakes and passed the exam. Thank you, Pharmalife Academy.
These online pharmacology tutorials made my concepts of pharmacology very clear and I understood importance of pharmacology in practice. The learning sources provided are very useful.
Sir, before joining your classes I was very depressed because I could not clear POC II even after trying three times. Then I joined your classes for POC and came to know about my mistakes. In my fourth attempt I passed POC II because of your way of teaching.
